For decades, Marbella has been one of Europe's most desirable destinations to own a home. Sea, golf, safety and a truly international atmosphere draw buyers from all over the world. The good news is that buying a villa in Marbella as a foreigner is not only possible, it's relatively straightforward once you know the steps. This guide walks you through the entire process, from the first document to the day you get the keys.
1. Can a foreigner buy property in Spain?
Yes, with no restrictions. A citizen of any country, resident or not, can buy a villa on the same terms as a Spaniard. You do not need residency or nationality. The only mandatory requirement is to obtain an NIE.
2. The NIE: your first and essential step
The NIE (Número de Identidad de Extranjero) is the foreigner identification number, without which you cannot sign before a notary, pay taxes or set up utilities. You can obtain it:
- in Spain, at a national police station using form EX-15;
- at a Spanish consulate in your country of residence;
- through a representative with power of attorney, ideal for a remote purchase.
Opening a Spanish bank account is also strongly recommended.
3. The buying process step by step
- Search and selection — budget, area and type of villa.
- Reservation agreement and deposit — takes the property off the market during checks.
- Legal due diligence — verifying ownership and debts. The most important stage.
- Deposit contract (contrato de arras) — usually 10% of the price.
- Signing the title deed (escritura) — balance paid, keys handed over.
- Registration and taxes within the legal deadline.
4. Purchase taxes and costs
The main tax depends on whether the property is new or resale.
| Property type | Main tax | Plus |
|---|---|---|
| Resale (Andalusia) | ITP 7% | notary, registry, gestoría |
| New build (from developer) | VAT 10% | AJD 1.2% + notary, registry |
On average, additional costs come to around 10–13% on top of the price for resale and 12–14% for new builds. The tax base may be calculated on the Cadastral Reference Value (Valor de Referencia) if it is higher.
5. Mortgages for non-residents
Foreign buyers can obtain a mortgage from a Spanish bank. Non-residents are typically financed up to 60–70% of the value. The bank will ask for proof of income and tax returns from your country of residence.
6. Residency: the Golden Visa has ended
As of 3 April 2025, Spain's Golden Visa has been abolished: buying property no longer grants residency. Other legal routes exist: the digital nomad visa, the non-lucrative visa, and regimes for entrepreneurs and skilled professionals. Owning property still strengthens an application as evidence of ties to the country.
7. Common mistakes foreign buyers make
- Buying without an independent lawyer.
- Skipping checks on debts and charges.
- Underestimating the costs on top of the price.
- Not knowing about the Cadastral Reference Value.
Why Marbella
Marbella combines prestige, steady demand and infrastructure built for the international buyer: international schools, private clinics, golf clubs and a mild, year-round climate.
Buying a villa in Marbella is a clear and safe process with the right guidance. Browse villas in Marbella or learn about our property buying service — we'll guide you through every step, in your language.
